What is GAPDH housekeeping gene?

GAPDH is a key regulatory enzyme, which catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate during glycolysis. β-actin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in cell structure and motility. Based on these basic and ubiquitous cellular functions, GAPDH and β-actin are considered as housekeeping genes.

Why is GAPDH used as a reference gene?

To date, cancer researchers have predominantly used the GAPDH and β-actin reference genes as internal reference controls, because their mRNA expression levels are established to be high and constant in many different cells and tissues [4, 5].

What is GAPDH used for in PCR?

As one of the most common reference genes, GAPDH is often used to normalize the gene expression data, being used as an endogenous control in the quantitative analysis of RT-PCR, since in some experimental systems, its expression is very constant (Edwards and Denhardt 1985; Winer et al. 1999).

What type of gene is GAPDH?

Protein Coding gene
GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GAPDH include Microcephaly 21, Primary, Autosomal Recessive and Schistosomiasis. Among its related pathways are glycolysis (BIOCYC) and 7q11.

What size is GAPDH?

GAPDH is a 146 kDa tetramer composed of four 30-40 kDa subunits. There is no cross-reaction with GAPDH from yeast. Preliminary data indicates that the GAPDH antibody- loading control ab8245 recognizes the monomer (36 kDa) and also the dimer forms of GAPDH, but not the tetrameric form of the protein.

What type of control is GAPDH?

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA.

What is the CT value of GAPDH?

The lowest Ct value was 17.28 for GAPDH and the highest Ct value was 31.74 for UBC(1) in different fruit developmental stages of Guanhuabai pitaya. As for different fruit developmental stages of Guanhuahong pitaya, the lowest Ct value was 17.18 for UBC(2) and the highest Ct value was 24.94 for histone(1).

What is GAPDH used for in Western blot?

GAPDH antibody, is usually used as a loading control antibody for Western Blot to normalize the levels of protein detected by confirming that protein loading is the same across the gel.

Is GAPDH a primer?

Various types of primers and probes are available from several suppliers for applications in molecular biology. Used in PCR-based amplification, oligonucleotide primers guide the activity of polymerases in order to amplify gene-specific sequences.

Where is GAPDH gene found?

In addition to the cytoplasm where majority of GAPDH is located under the basal condition, GAPDH is also found in the particulate fractions, such as the nucleus, the mitochondria, and the small vesicular fractions.

What is the kDa of GAPDH?

GAPDH is a 146 kDa tetramer composed of four 30-40 kDa subunits. There is no cross-reaction with GAPDH from yeast.

How is GAPDH used as a control?

Is GAPDH a good loading control?

GAPDH can work as a reliable loading control only in Rhesus monkeys model of myocardial ischemia. Total protein level is the best loading control for western blot in animal models of myocardial ischemic infarction.