What is chronotropic incompetence?

Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is generally defined as the inability to increase the heart rate (HR) adequately during exercise to match cardiac output to metabolic demands.

How do you fix chronotropic incompetence?

Adding an atrial lead in a patient in complete AV block and VVI pacing is the most satisfactory way to correct chronotropic incompetence in some patients. Rate-adaptive sensors include motion sensors, respiration sensors, QT interval, and right ventricular contractility.

Is chronotropic incompetence serious?

Chronotropic incompetence is common, an important cause of exercise intolerance, and an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality. It is present in up to 1/3 of patients with HF and contributes to their prominent exertional symptoms and reduced quality-of-life.

Is chronotropic incompetence heart failure?

Chronotropic incompetence is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and is associated with impaired aerobic capacity.

Can beta-blockers cause chronotropic incompetence?

Among persons who do not suffer from heart failure, chronotropic incompetence may be caused by beta-blockers, amiodarone or digitalis. Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a common cause of chronotropic incompetence.

How is chronotropic incompetence calculated?

Most commonly, chronotropic incompetence is defined as the inability to reach 85% of the maximum age-predicted heart rate (MPHR) 5 which is generally calculated using Astrand’s formula, i.e. 220 minus age.

Is chronotropic incompetence hereditary?

The long-term response of heart rate to exercise results in favourable changes in chronotropic function, including decreased resting and submaximal heart rate as well as increased heart rate recovery. Both the acute and long-term heart rate response to exercise have been shown to be heritable.

What is negative chronotropic effect?

negative chronotropic agents cause a decrease in heart rate by. Sinus node dysfunction (SND) is a common cause of chronotropic incompetence. Positive chronotropes increase heart rate; negative chronotropes decrease heart rate.

What does chronotropic incompetence mean in medical terms?

Chronotropic incompetence (CI), broadly defined as the inability of the heart to increase its rate commensurate with increased activity or demand, is common in patients with cardiovascular disease, produces exercise intolerance

How is the chronotropic response to exercise assessed?

Because the proportion of actual HR achieved during exercise depends in part on the resting HR level, the chronotropic response to exercise can also be assessed as the fraction of HR achieved at maximal effort.

How is the metabolic-chronotropic relationship ( MCR ) calculated?

In this approach, the metabolic-chronotropic relationship (MCR) (also known as the chronotropic index) is calculated from the ratio of the HR reserve to the metabolic reserve during submaximal exercise. The advantage of using the MCR is that it adjusts for age, physical fitness,…