Where is the supraspinatus outlet?

The supraspinatus outlet is a space formed on the upper rim, humeral head, and glenoid by the acromion, coracoacromial arch, and acromioclavicular joint. This outlet accommodates passage and excursion of the supraspinatus tendon.

What is the best view to evaluate pathologies of supraspinatus outlet?

Supraspinatus outlet view is most useful to assess the supraspinatus outlet space. If the space is less than 7 mm, then an increased risk for impingement syndrome exists. Also, assess morphology of the acromion (hooked acromion more at risk for impingement).

What is an outlet shoulder view?

The outlet or Neers projection of the shoulder is a specialized projection demonstrating the coracoacromial arch often utilized in the investigation of shoulder impingement 1.

What is an outlet view?

The AP outlet view is a specialized view part of a pelvic series examining the iliac crest, sacrum, proximal femur, pubis, ischium and the great pelvic ring.

What does acromion type 2 mean?

A type I acromion has a flat undersurface and is least often associated with rotator cuff disease (Fig. 6a). A type II acromion has a concave curved undersurface, and represents a moderate risk for impingement syndrome (Fig. 6b). A type III acromion has a hooked downward facing leading edge (Fig.

What is internal impingement of the shoulder?

Internal impingement of the shoulder is a pathologic condition characterized by excessive or repetitive contact of the greater tuberosity of the humeral head with the posterosuperior aspect of the glenoid when the arm is abducted and externally rotated.

What clinical findings must be present upon examination to support a diagnosis of supraspinatus tendinosis?

The shoulders are inspected for symmetry, localized swelling and muscle atrophy. There may be tenderness below the acromion and over the greater tuberosity. Internal rotation of the shoulder can facilitate palpation of the supraspinatus insertion on the greater tuberosity.

Can rotator cuff injury be seen on xray?

X-rays. Although a rotator cuff tear won’t show up on an X-ray, this test can visualize bone spurs or other potential causes for your pain — such as arthritis. Ultrasound. This type of test uses sound waves to produce images of structures within your body, particularly soft tissues such as muscles and tendons.

What is OS Acromiale of the shoulder?

Os acromiale is a developmental aberration in which the distal acromion fails to fuse. This aberration is often discovered incidentally but may present with a clinical picture similar to that of subacromial impingement syndrome.

What is a Zanca view?

The Zanca view is a specialized projection of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ), which will better demonstrate the acromioclavicular joint free from superimposition and aid in the assessment of distal osteophytes.

What does Type 1 acromion mean?

1. a) Bigliani et al5 classified the acromion into three types: type I represents a flat, type II a curved and type III a hooked acromion.

Where is the X-ray on a supraspinatus outlet?

Photo of each set-up appears on the left. The corresponding radiograph appears on the right. Position – Patient is positioned as for Y-lateral view, erect with arm comfortably at the side. X-ray cassette is placed at anterolateral shoulder perpendicular to the scapula.

How big is an X-ray of the shoulder?

X-ray of the Shoulder Trauma Patient : Neer Method – Tangential Projection Neer Method is an x-ray examination of the shoulder and best demonstrate the supraspinatus outlet of the shoulder. IR size – 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 inches), lengthwise Take radiograph with the patient patient in an erect, sitting or recumbent position.

How is the outlet view of the shoulder performed?

The outlet view is performed to assess subacromial impingement. This view is often performed instead of a lateral shoulder view for the impingement series only. Patient position. erect or sitting, facing the upright detector; rotated in an anterior oblique position, so the anterior portion of the shoulder is touching the upright detector

How is the lateral scapula projected on an X-ray?

The lateral scapula projection can be technically demanding, especially when patients are in pain. An anecdotal method amongst radiographers is to feel for the medial border of the scapula and line it up with the anterior portion of the acromion and x-ray straight down the line.