What does IL 23 stimulate?

Frontiers | Interleukin (IL)-23 Stimulates IFN-γ Secretion by CD56bright Natural Killer Cells and Enhances IL-18-Driven Dendritic Cells Activation | Immunology.

What activates Th17?

The secretion of IL-23 from antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, which have been activated by the uptake and processing of pathogens, in turn activates Th17 cells.

What produces IL-23?

IL-23 is mainly secreted by activated dendritic cells, macrophages or monocytes. Innate lymphoid cells and also gamma delta T cells also produce IL-23. B cells produces IL-23 through BCR signaling. Secretion is stimulated by an antigen stimulus recognised by a pattern recognition receptor.

How does IL-10 reduce inflammation?

The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-10 are primarily mediated by its interaction with the IL-10 receptor (most highly expressed on monocytes/macrophages), which activates the JAK1-TYK2-STAT3 pathway leading to STAT3-mediated transcription of genes that limit the inflammatory response (1, 2).

Is TGF beta anti-inflammatory?

Leukemia inhibitory factor, interferon-alpha, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are categorized as either anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory cytokines, under various circumstances. Specific cytokine receptors for IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-18 also function as inhibitors for proinflammatory cytokines.

Are interleukins hormones?

Cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, lymphokines, but generally not hormones or growth factors . They act through receptors, and are especially important in the immune system.

Is Th17 inflammatory?

Th17 effector function. Th17 cytokines exert a broad range of inflammatory and tissue-protective effects, particularly in mucosal immunity [26].

Which is the major function of Th17 cells?

Th17 cells play an important role in maintaining mucosal barriers and contributing to pathogen clearance at mucosal surfaces; such protective and non-pathogenic Th17 cells have been termed as Treg17 cells. They have also been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.