Does influenza replicate in the nucleus?

Influenza viruses replicate within the nucleus of the host cell. This uncommon RNA virus trait provides influenza with the advantage of access to the nuclear machinery during replication.

How does the influenza virus replicate?

The influenza virus has a negative sense RNA genome. In order to replicate, this means that the virus must first produce positive sense mRNA in order to produce necessary enzymes. Once the enzymes are translated, replication can take place.

How does influenza enter the nucleus?

Upon penetration of the influenza virus nucleocapsid into the host cell cytoplasm, the viral RNA and associated proteins are transported to the nucleus, where viral transcription and replication occur.

Why does Orthomyxovirus replicate in the nucleus?

Orthomyxoviruses undergo transcription and RNA replication in the nucleus of the host cell because they need to cannibalize the capped 5′ termini of cellular RNAs for use as primers for viral mRNA transcription.

What type of cell does the flu infect?

INFLUENZA PATHOLOGY Influenza virus replicates in the epithelial cells throughout the respiratory tree, with virus being recoverable from both the upper and lower respiratory tract of people naturally or experimentally infected (2).

Which cells does influenza replicate in?

How quickly does influenza replicate?

The replication cycle of influenza viruses, from the time of entry to the production of new virus, is very quick, with shedding of the first influenza viruses from infected cells occurring after only 6 hours.

Is influenza virus Gram positive or negative?

Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer’s bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic capnophilic pathogenic bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae. H. influenzae was first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic.

Where does the influenza virus replicate in the cell?

Influenza viruses replicate within the nucleus of the host cell. This uncommon RNA virus trait provides influenza with the advantage of access to the nuclear machinery during replication. However, it also increases the complexity of the intracellular trafficking that is required for the viral components to establish a productive infection.

What kind of RNA does influenza A virus contain?

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) and type B viruses (IBVs) contain 8, negative-sense, single-stranded viral RNA (vRNA) gene segments (Figure 1 A) ( 3, 4 ), which encode transcripts for 10 essential viral proteins, as well as several strain-dependent accessory proteins (Figure 1 B).

How many segments are in the influenza A virus?

The influenza A and B virus genomes consist of 8 separate segments, each coding for 1 or several functionally important proteins required for virus entry, replication or virus structure. HA binds to its cellular receptor, sialic acid (N-acetyl-neuraminic acid).

Where are the promoters located in the influenza A virus?

Influenza A and B viruses. (A) Schematic of the eight viral RNA (vRNA) gene segments that comprise the influenza A and B genomes. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), which contain the viral promoters, are represented with a line, and the box corresponds to the coding region within each vRNA.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Omi0IPkNpY